Temperature towers are a great way to test different temperatures quickly in a single print. It works by stacking repeated sections of a print, and changing the temperature in each of these sections. Temperature towers are a specific type of calibration tower, which can be used to test a number of different settings or combination of settings.

Why might you want to do a temperature tower? Temperature can effect a host of print characteristics, including:

• Stringing
• Surface Quality and/or surface finish
• Bridging performance
• Strength
• Extrusion quality

This guide will specifically show you how to do a temperature tower in Cura.

Below is a step-by-step guide to do an effective temperature tower, what to look for, and what to do when you have found a good temperature (or, what to do if your results are still sub-par)

1. Choose a temperature tower model
2. Use the Post-Processing change-at-z plugin
3. Select your temperatures at the right height
4. Print the part
5. Interpret the results
6. Print again, if applicable
7. What to do if you’re still having problems

1. Choose a temperature tower model & load into Cura

First, you must choose a temperature tower to print. You have two choices here:

1. Download an existing temperature tower (recommended)
2. Design your own temperature tower

For this article, we used our specialized calibration model. We’ve worked extra hard to optimize a model that prints with less than 1 gram of material and between 6 and 7 minutes for each level.

You can download the single-level STL file from our Thangs or Printables profile. Each level is 8 mm tall (you’ll need this information next).

Note: Our model works best with the following settings (these come pre-configured in a 3mf file as part of inTinker’s calibration workflow). These settings will enable you to reach our print time and weight benchmarks:

Cura Setting Name	Value	Importance
Wall Line Count	2	High
Top Layers	0	High
Bottom Layers	0	High
Infill Density	0%	High
Layer Height*	0.2 mm	Medium
Nozzle Size*	0.4 mm	Medium

*Layer height only matters for print speed; if you plan to print your real parts with a different layer height, we recommend using that layer height.

**Our part was designed for a 0.4 mm nozzle, but our model still works great for nozzle sizes between 0.2 mm and 0.6 mm.

Download the STL file, load it into Cura. In this article, we’ve chosen to use 5 levels, so we made 4 additional copies of the model and stacked them on top of each other (hint: type in the coordinates for the same XY position, and increment 8mm for the Z-axis position of each new level)

If you are following along, you should see something like this in Cura:

2. Use the Post-Processing change-at-z plugin

If you don’t already have the post-processing plug for Cura, you’ll need it. Here is a link for direction on how to download the plugin.

Open the menu called Modify G-Code and add a script called ChangeAtZ. This is an awesome tool for changing settings dynamically during a print after at a certain height or number of layers.

Then you should see a menu that looks like this:

There are many interesting settings like speed, flow rate, fan speed, and retractions that you can play with (or use to your advantage), but in this article we’ll focus on the most valuable setting: Print Temperature.

3. Select your temperatures for each height

Some temperature tower models are embossed with the temperature on the surface—you are welcome to choose those same settings, but if you take good notes you can still choose any temperature.

Our calibration model (see step 2) doesn’t have any labels, so we are just counting from the bottom, starting with level 1.

This is what we printed:

Level	Height (mm)	Print Temperature (°C)
1	0	200
2	8	205
3	16	210
4	24	215
5	32	220

For each of these levels, you’ll need to add a unique ChangeAtZ item.

First, make sure the trigger is “Height,” applied to “Target Layer + Subsequent Layers.” Then change the height to the correct value.

Next, toggle the “Change Extruder 1 Temp”

4. Print the part

After everything is set up, you are ready to slice and print the part! You should see this red icon with the number of ChangeAtZ scripts. If you have 5 levels like we did, you should see a 5 in this red icon.

Sliced result:

Learning to look at & interpret the toolpath of a 3D print is an extremely valuable skill. The blue lines show the travel moves, which is where stringing is possible to occur. If you ever notice surface quality defects—looking at the sliced toolpath will give insight to the problem.

5. Interpret the results

You want to look for the level that shows the least amount of stringing or surface quality defects. At inTinker we’ve done hundreds of experiments to learn from first principles how this works, so we can offer you the best solution.

Sometimes you’ll get lucky and have many levels that look good. This is totally possible! We recommend leaning towards higher temperatures because it usually makes your models stronger.

If you’re not satisfied yet, move on to the next step.

6. Print again, if applicable

If you want to keep dialing in further, you can refine your temperature range and look in increments of 1 to 3°C. With this strategy, you’ll be able to really dial in temperature.

You may also want to dial in retraction distance or retraction speed too. These can be set globally, or you can also use the ChangeAtZ tool for retractions.

InTinker's combined temperature & retraction calibration searches for temperatures in increments of 1°C while also tuning retraction distance and retraction speed at the same time. By using machine learning, we are able to effectively tune these settings simultaneously. If you’re interested in learning more, look at our Tools page or reach out via email and one of the co-founders would be happy to answer your questions or meet for a short video call.

7. What to do if you’re still having problems

We’ve cataloged a bunch of common problems we see. If one these don’t work for you, shoot us an email and we’ll see how we can help.

First layers not sticking or failing on the first layer? We are building a specialized calibration module for first layer problems. If want to hear when it’s ready for beta or released, sign up for our mailing list (see footer). Don’t worry—we won’t bombard you with emails.